In the name of God, who stands like one thousand kilometers of deepwater when you are abreast his seas. Who is the mountains full of iron in the south mountain ranges of the Caspian sea and the west mountain ranges of the Caspian sea; rich, mighty, insurmountable, the northern wall.

The pearl of the Caspian sea is Tehran. The city of Tehran is bigger than any city for thousands upon thousands of kilometers surrounding.  Sixteen million people live in the metropolis.  There are no other cities of this size in the region until you reach the far east, China and Japan. The city is very powerful, it controls the influence of trade for the entire coastal land of the Persian sea.  This land corresponds to the present day borders of the country of Iran.  The mountain range south on the shore of the Caspian sea provides the wealth needed to be a dominating influence for trade in this region.  Populations naturally always concentrate around economic resources such as waterways for fast trade and natural resources that provide the pillars of the economy.  The Caspian sea provides an expansive buffer for Tehran from any influence of the north.  The south mountain range of the Caspian sea is an obstacle to connecting the north influence of the Caspian sea with the south shores.  The mountain heights and the depth of the foothills have veiled Tehran entirely from the influences north of the Caspian sea. 

Looking at the south face of the Caspian sea there is mountain range fully blocking the southern shores. Tehran is behind the center of the mountain range and connected with the shores via a mountain pass with highways and a large river named Chalus.  Many rivers run through the mountain passes on the east and the west.  From the Caspian sea, looking south and west is the land of iran. Far in the distance on the west horizons of the Caspian sea are the city of Basrah, Baghdad, Erbil.  The mountain range of the south Caspian sea forms the natural borderland with Azerbajan at the western foothills.  The foothills of the south Caspian mountain range are part of the foothills of the west Caspian mountain range which is parallel and extends from the west shore of the Caspian sea to the east shore of the black sea.  The city of Baku is a peninsula of the Caspian sea on the west shore.  The lands west of the Caspian sea are green and mountainous, all of these lands connect with the black sea and the white sea (Mediterranean). 

As we continue looking south at the south face of the Caspian sea, on the east are the lands of Afghanistan in the far south. Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are located on the east shores of the Caspian sea. Each of these lands is sandy and lacks sufficient water sources for vegetation.  At the north shores of the Caspian sea is Kazakhstan, a rocky land which lacks water sources needed to make the land green and full of fertility.  North on the shore of the Caspian sea is lastly, Russia.  The Russian territory connected with the Caspian sea is green and fertile.  It is the only country on the shore of the Caspian sea that possesses access to the black sea.  The notorious river Volga runs through the land between the two seas of the Caspian and the Black. 

Your loving daughter, Catherine Anita Hernandez, written January 13, 2024